What is an IEP Really? A Clear Guide for Caregivers

Receiving a proposed IEP (Individualized Education Program) for your child can be emotional—hopeful, overwhelming, confusing. But one thing it shouldn’t be is a mystery.

An IEP is a legal document that outlines the specialized supports and services your child needs to learn and grow in school. It’s not a generic plan—it's tailored specifically to your child’s unique strengths and challenges.

Let’s break it down so you feel empowered, not overwhelmed.

Key Parts of an IEP (and What They Mean)

1. Present Levels of Performance (PLOP)
   A snapshot of where your child is academically, socially, and emotionally.
2. Annual Goals
   Clear, measurable goals your child will work toward throughout the year.
3. Special Education & Related Services
   Supports like speech therapy, occupational therapy, or specialized instruction.
4. Accommodations & Modifications
   Tools to help your child succeed (like extended time or reduced assignments).
5. Supplementary Aids
   Extra help such as visual supports or assistive technology.
6. Placement
   Where your child will learn—general education, special education, or both.
7. Progress Monitoring
   How and when the school will update you on your child’s progress.

How to Understand Your Child’s IEP

• Start with the present levels – Does it reflect what you see at home?
• Review the goals – Are they specific and meaningful?
• Check services and supports – Are they enough? Are they happening often enough?
• Look at accommodations – Will these help your child succeed every day?
• Understand placement – Is your child learning in the least restrictive environment?
• Ask about progress – How often will you be informed?

You Deserve to Understand It All

This is your child’s education—and you’re a critical part of the team. Don’t be afraid to ask questions, push for clarity, or request changes. You don’t have to be an expert to be a powerful advocate. You just need the right information.